我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
5 v& \) @# ^* I, \* S' ^& ostandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went
5 C' M4 h( k% t) Gon a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,
+ x* z( f+ ^( u( C$ R1 O"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give5 h' K v1 B8 r2 B8 z
answers to our pointed questions.) x, R* ~" P+ S8 B6 g2 h0 u
# \2 {& l! F7 H' @" [$ f) L0 ^' Y2 tThe racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,
; s2 k7 U* j" \9 N. y& s) q45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand& F' U) c' H( ^2 j; z6 @
out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is' D- e$ f0 r3 L, X1 \
free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams* E$ n1 [+ k; y' g' q7 K
to get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
: B* a' L+ s: J0 ]6 h2 pmedical schools.2 E. S2 e0 ?/ y; R2 I" Q4 {; G
j5 }' Q4 L F9 }. A6 D! H
Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the4 g% x4 O. E! R( p7 f( Y5 C, g
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
6 r- j ~0 i2 V% A6 N/ ?to go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years H7 | ], h/ Q2 Z
assigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
; \ z, n' w/ m+ Q3 g- xis from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to; _4 R% X/ F% Q
over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
( e, |$ K/ k. N6 k- v3 D* Iseems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
# f# Y" ]' e$ _% B7 n6 E+ Q1 `5 Smostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
' S/ W. h% o1 v" S: b. B- s1 gshortage which the government is addressing by converting some
- R. @/ [0 F# z% N& zsugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.5 y9 N& {! B# v
2 D: i/ E P+ r" Z% {
The main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
& y1 h# _3 T# r6 S& rprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and
5 C; q5 k6 }( E' y9 O9 Fsupplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people& D9 u. L% F0 L, W; |
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good2 e/ X6 r+ P4 B% F
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby( z& H- ] v9 T7 r
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high- f7 w- q$ F! [ H. C
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.7 d9 j" u' a3 q1 f3 D1 G: O
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When5 R: d+ i4 G. B! x
a lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
$ z, c3 ?: Z" k4 Q/ X$ G2 Z" hcharge the fee defined by the state./ z( J$ V g8 V4 s5 T
5 ?, |' V- P6 u
There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get! K0 {! \( ?- q
on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type1 k! w' R. F: z2 v1 a
of bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big; K+ G" N1 A. T5 z
truck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel
7 Y* i, W* r t1 U+ d6 zseems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the
7 \$ U, Z3 K. d0 p* \9 a0 ] hworking class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on
( x1 Y8 O$ o, Qschedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if) u0 f% @6 r0 r7 k
you ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people- {7 @+ j) X) ` v: v9 g
trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
$ `, ~/ ]( g& L/ |) i4 ?3 fhiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
( e3 l. E. A( Qpeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
% y, n' o/ v; _! o- b. Dto go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or2 Y4 C1 X) F3 L1 T; ^; Q
buses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there2 G4 ?; z f7 t' ?& B' n
are spaces. ]7 y. }8 W0 T3 e
8 T0 ^. H( w6 p. r5 n% L6 I* ~
There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
( r/ S9 R5 T) G* ^" qto make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they$ r8 H: g, N- ~
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
. q# z; z- P0 W7 F40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different3 H7 t% M; t; Y) A/ J3 R: W
parts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the+ \/ o8 @- V: ]" u! {/ @4 ~0 G
best and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
) {' a7 M0 i6 j; d# G$ C( gnice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of, x* ~0 a- R/ N! p9 H8 N/ D
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it$ D, M/ J8 R( R' \8 q9 N2 n. P
is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
3 y7 A; m5 _. C( `' O. l" |' [ We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.